Which tick species is known to be a vector for heartwater?

The correct choice is that both Amblyomma variegatum and Amblyomma maculatum are known to be vectors for heartwater, which is a serious disease affecting domesticated and wild ruminants. Heartwater is caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium and is transmitted through the bites of infected ticks.

Amblyomma variegatum, commonly known as the tropical bont tick, is one of the main vectors in regions of Africa and the Caribbean and plays a significant role in the epidemiology of heartwater. Amblyomma maculatum, also known as the Gulf Coast tick, has been implicated in the transmission of this disease in certain geographic areas.

Since both tick species are capable of transmitting the disease, selecting the option that indicates all are involved is appropriate. This highlights the importance of identifying and managing tick populations not only for the prevention of heartwater but also for broader animal health concerns. Understanding the ecological and geographical distribution of these tick species is critical for effective disease prevention and control strategies.