Transboundary Emerging and Exotic Animal Disease/ Exotic Animal Disease Practice Exam

Which of the following is not classified as a foreign animal disease?

1. Bovine virus diarrhea

2. Malignant catarrhal fever

3. Hemorrhagic septicemia

4. All of the above are foreign diseases

The correct answer is: Bovine virus diarrhea

Bovine virus diarrhea is primarily considered an endemic disease rather than a foreign animal disease in many regions, particularly in the Americas and some parts of Europe where the disease is present in cattle populations. It is caused by the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), and while it can cause significant economic losses and health issues in cattle, it is not classified as a foreign animal disease because it is not typically associated with introduction from outside the region. Malignant catarrhal fever and hemorrhagic septicemia, on the other hand, are recognized as foreign animal diseases in certain contexts. Malignant catarrhal fever, caused by various strains of the malignant catarrhal fever virus, is particularly concerning when it involves species such as cattle, bison, and deer, with its occurrence often linked to specific reservoir hosts like sheep. Hemorrhagic septicemia, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, can lead to severe outbreaks in susceptible hosts and is noted for being more prevalent in specific geographic regions. Therefore, the classification of bovine virus diarrhea as non-foreign is based on its established presence and ongoing circulation within specific livestock populations, contrasting with the other two diseases which are often monitored as threats through the lens of