Transboundary Emerging and Exotic Animal Disease/ Exotic Animal Disease Practice Exam

Which clinical sign is indicative of equine babesiosis?

1. Hives

2. Lameness

3. Profuse nasal discharge

4. Anemia

The correct answer is: Anemia

In equine babesiosis, which is caused by the protozoan parasites Babesia caballi and Theileria equi, anemia is a defining clinical sign. The disease leads to the destruction of red blood cells by the parasitic organisms once they invade the host. This destruction results in a decrease in the number of circulating red blood cells, a condition known as anemia. Anemia may be characterized by symptoms such as pallor of mucous membranes, weakness, and increased heart rate as the body tries to compensate for the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. The presence of anemia in cases of equine babesiosis not only provides insight into the infection's severity but also indicates a significant impact on the horse's overall health. In contrast, while hives, lameness, and profuse nasal discharge may indicate other health issues in horses, they are not characteristic of equine babesiosis. Hives are typically associated with allergic reactions, lameness can arise from a variety of musculoskeletal problems, and profuse nasal discharge often points to respiratory infections. Therefore, recognizing anemia as a clinical sign specific to equine babesiosis is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.