Transboundary Emerging and Exotic Animal Disease/ Exotic Animal Disease Practice Exam

Where are anthrax spores commonly found?

1. In domesticated animals

2. Always aerosolized

3. Naturally in the soil

4. In processed animal products

The correct answer is: Naturally in the soil

Anthrax spores are commonly found naturally in the soil, which establishes the environment where the bacterium Bacillus anthracis can persist for years. The spores can remain viable and infectious for a long time within the soil, especially in regions where conditions support their survival, such as areas with leather and bone remnants of infected animals. This characteristic of being present in soil is crucial as it highlights how animals, especially grazing animals, can become infected when they ingest or come into contact with contaminated soil or vegetation. Understanding the ecological niche of anthrax spores is vital for management and prevention strategies to mitigate risks in both wildlife and livestock populations, especially in endemic areas. The other options do not accurately reflect where anthrax spores are predominantly found. Domesticated animals can become infected through exposure, but the spores themselves are not specifically located in the animals. Aerosolization can occur, but this is not their primary state of existence, as they are mainly found in soil. Processed animal products may carry spores under certain circumstances, but they too are not a natural reservoir like soil is for anthrax.