Transboundary Emerging and Exotic Animal Disease/ Exotic Animal Disease Practice Exam

What was a major consequence of the 2001 FMD outbreaks?

1. Widespread vaccination of livestock

2. Healthy animals were killed on uninfected farms

3. The outbreak was confined to Europe

4. Immediate public health interventions

The correct answer is: Healthy animals were killed on uninfected farms

The major consequence of the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks was the culling of healthy animals on uninfected farms. This approach was taken as a drastic measure to control the spread of the disease. The outbreak led to significant economic impacts, not only in the agricultural sector but also on trade and livestock management practices. The decision to cull healthy animals was based on the need to ensure rapid containment of the virus, as FMD is highly contagious among cloven-hoofed animals. In this context, authorities aimed to prevent the further spread of the disease, which could have resulted from movement of animals from affected areas or fomites. The culling strategy often generates strong public response and ethical debates due to the loss of healthy livestock. While vaccination efforts might be a common response to such outbreaks, extensive vaccination was not widely implemented in response to the 2001 FMD crisis. The outbreak extended beyond Europe, affecting various regions, and immediate public health interventions were not the primary focus since FMD is primarily an animal disease rather than a direct threat to human health. Thus, the focus on culling healthy animals highlights the severity of the situation and the measures authorities deemed necessary during that outbreak.