Transboundary Emerging and Exotic Animal Disease/ Exotic Animal Disease Practice Exam

What is the recommended treatment for cases of heartwater in the United States?

1. Broad spectrum antibiotics

2. Fluids and supportive care

3. Both A and B

4. Slaughter

The correct answer is: Slaughter

In cases of heartwater, a disease caused by the bacterium *Ehrlichia ruminantium* and transmitted by tick bites, the recommended treatment is typically centered around controlling the disease and preventing its spread. While supportive care, such as fluids and managing symptoms, can play a role in treatment, the effectiveness of this approach is limited. In regions like the United States, where heartwater is not endemic but can pose a significant risk to livestock, the recommended action upon diagnosis is often to slaughter affected animals. This approach is taken to control the disease more effectively, as it minimizes the risk of transmission to other animals. It also helps prevent the establishment of the disease in new areas, thus protecting livestock health and biosecurity. This method reaffirms the significance of aggressive measures against potentially devastating animal diseases, as well as highlights the importance of containment strategies in exotic disease management.