Transboundary Emerging and Exotic Animal Disease/ Exotic Animal Disease Practice Exam

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The 2001 epidemic of foot and mouth disease in the United Kingdom likely originated from?

Improperly heat-treated pig swill
An illegally imported infected pig
From a legally imported pet hedgehog
From a legally imported infected pig

The correct answer is: Improperly heat-treated pig swill

The 2001 epidemic of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in the United Kingdom is attributed to improperly heat-treated pig swill. This explanation is significant because the disease can be transmitted through contaminated feed, especially when animal by-products are involved. The swill, which was derived from kitchen waste containing meat and offal, can harbor the virus if not treated correctly. The improper heat treatment meant that the FMD virus was not inactivated, allowing it to survive and infect susceptible livestock. Considering the other options, while illegal importation of infected animals could theoretically introduce the disease, such cases were not implicated in this particular outbreak. Similarly, while legally imported animals could potentially carry the disease, the specifics of the investigation pointed to swill feeding practices rather than animal importation. This context emphasizes the importance of biosecurity and proper feed management in preventing the spread of infectious diseases like FMD.