Transboundary Emerging and Exotic Animal Disease/ Exotic Animal Disease Practice Exam

East Coast fever is primarily associated with the infection of which type of blood cells?

1. Platelets

2. Red blood cells

3. White blood cells

4. Endothelial cells

The correct answer is: White blood cells

East Coast fever, caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria parva, primarily infects white blood cells, specifically the lymphocytes. The infection of lymphocytes can lead to significant immune system disruption, as these cells play a crucial role in the body’s immune response. When Theileria parva infects these white blood cells, it can cause the cells to proliferate uncontrollably, leading to a range of clinical signs associated with the disease, such as fever, lymphadenopathy, and, in severe cases, high morbidity and mortality rates in cattle. In contrast, while platelets play a role in clotting and red blood cells are responsible for oxygen transport, they are not the primary target of the parasite in Eastern Coast fever. Similarly, endothelial cells, which line blood vessels, do not play a direct role in the pathogenesis of this particular disease. Understanding the specific target of the parasite is critical for implementing effective control measures and treatments for East Coast fever.