Transboundary Emerging and Exotic Animal Disease/ Exotic Animal Disease Practice Exam

Are less than 50% of new emerging human infectious diseases vector-borne or zoonotic?

1. True

2. False

3. Only in tropical regions

4. Only in developed countries

The correct answer is: False

Choosing "False" indicates an understanding that the majority of new emerging human infectious diseases are either vector-borne or zoonotic. This is supported by various studies and epidemiological data that track the origins of emerging infectious diseases. Vector-borne diseases are those transmitted by vectors, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas, while zoonotic diseases are those that are transmitted from animals to humans. A substantial proportion of emerging infectious diseases—many estimates suggest 60% or more—are linked to zoonotic origins, which include diseases transferred from wildlife to humans and those transmitted indirectly through vectors. This highlights the significant interconnections between animal and human health, particularly as environmental changes, urbanization, and ecological disruptions can increase the risks of zoonotic spillovers, making it crucial for surveillance and control efforts to address these types of diseases comprehensively. While the other options suggest limitations by region or development status, the truth is that vector-borne and zoonotic diseases can emerge in any setting, making the assertion that less than 50% are of these types inaccurate. Thus, considering the data, the answer of "False" reflects the reality of emerging human infectious diseases and their predominant link to animal and vector sources.