Transboundary Emerging and Exotic Animal Disease/ Exotic Animal Disease Practice Exam

An emerging disease is characterized by which of the following?

1. Its presence in a new geographic area

2. Its ability to be eradicated quickly

3. Its low transmission rate

4. It only affects animals

The correct answer is: Its presence in a new geographic area

An emerging disease is primarily characterized by its presence in a new geographic area. This encompasses the concept of a disease being newly identified or recently increased in incidence or geographic range. Emerging diseases can be newly recognized pathogens or existing pathogens that have extended their geographical reach due to factors such as changes in environmental conditions, increased human-animal interactions, or shifts in host populations. This definition aligns with important aspects of public health and veterinary medicine, as the emergence of a disease in a new area raises concerns about its potential impact on local ecosystems, animal health, and even human health. How a disease can adapt, spread, and establish itself in different environments is crucial for managing and controlling its impact. The other options do not accurately reflect characteristics of emerging diseases. For instance, while some diseases may be eradicated quickly, this is not a defining feature of all emerging diseases; many can be persistent and challenging to control. Additionally, a low transmission rate does not characterize all emerging diseases; some may spread rapidly and pose significant risks. Lastly, while many emerging diseases do affect animals, an emerging disease can also impact humans, indicating that the scope of their effects is not limited exclusively to animal populations.